Gas-engine.



A. Ei HOY'T,

GAS ENGINE.

APPLlcATxoN man Aue.1s,1sx3.

atend Feb. T3, '1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

GAS ENGNEI V APPLICATIQN FILED Aus. la, :913.

EQU 13, wl?,

l SHEETS-SHEET 2.

GAS NGINE.

APPLICATION HLED Anas. 1913.

atnted Feb. 13, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3 Vter jacket construction, and e cooiing @einenApplication filed August i3, 19E, Sorel Bilo. 7235 SEE.

'Il n To all 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that AVERY E. HOYT, e citizen of the United States, residingTat Chicago, `in the county of Cook emi Siete of Illinois, have inventedcertain new and usefi Improvements in Gas-Engines, of which thefollowing is a. specication.

This invention relates to vimprovements in gas engines, and has foritsobject to provide a newA land improved form of ei cycle gas enginecomprising a cam'actnated sin gie, sleeve Yvalve*construction whichgives substantially ideal valve action overcoming I valve leakage andloss of power thereirom3 and the annoyance of grinding in valves.Another object is toprovide o. new, simple and improved means foroperating the sleeve valve member in such Way as to obtain such icleaiaction.

I am Well aware that hitherto gas engines have been constructedembodying sliclabie sleeve valves adapted to coact with the inlet andoutlet` ports of the cylinder to control gas `achnissioi'i and exhaustthere` through, `ont so far as I am aware my invention -is the firstwhich covers the use ci' a single sleeve valve, so' operated es to givefull opening of the inlet port during saostantially thev entire suctionstroke of the piston and a similar full opening ci the ontlet portduring the exhaust stroke of the piston3 and complete closure of saidports miuru ing both the compression and explosion strokes of thepiston, in considering the foar stages or strokes of the complete cycleoi the ordinary .so-called four-cycle engine.

Another object of my invention is to provide, aniinprovefi forni ofcylinder and Wa systein enacting with the same to provide e newvandimprovcci system of circnieting the cooling Huid.. aboutthexcylincier Walls. Another object. Uto provide deteehebie cylinderyheads ancl a new anti improved. means "for coolinlq' and maintainingthe saine cool.

Still another .object of my invention is to pmviile in a sleeve valvegasengine means to eliminate'pressionv or suction dus to movementoi5 thesleeve. These end other ohjcctsaie attained by 'the constri'zctiondescribed and shown in the following specification and accompanyingCummings, in which.;

ilig'urc Vl is a vcrticai section along the line 7-7 oi Fig. 15 showingthe valve inecnn anisin Fig. 2 is a detail pian view or" the cani, le-

ver sleeve enc?. connedtion,l Showing their :feb ative positions.

Fig. 8 is a cietai eievation of one oi the A caras, anc?, showing theapproximate amount er" travel or saine :for each of the four stages ofthe cycle of operetiains- Fig. is a cietaii enel. elevation of the camshaft driving ineens,

Fig. 5 is a sicle elevation of the same.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view vshowing the relative positions o thecani.; lever, sleeveg piston, crank and connecting reci at the confciusion of the intake stroke and prior to the beginning oi thecompression stroke.

Fig. 'l is a izigrammatic view siiniler. te Fig. 6 showing; the relativepositions' of the members after approximately z2-9 iur'tlier travel othe com from the :wsitionsiiovvn in Fig. e or 5 trevei from the shown'in i.

dlig. 8 is a position o iziion, if.

view simiiar showing the relative posi' bers :hiring the compressionepiosien strokes. Y

Fig. 9 is a. View simi-lar to 8 showing the relative nosition of themembers during.

the exhaust stroke..

10 is a cross section on iine 3 3 ol between the irst end sec-endcyiincleis,.sho\ving the Water circulating system. Fig. il is a partialtransverse section along the line ci Figs i0 end. 1li.

Fig. i2 is a vertical section of one of the cyiinoer heads showing'ive-ter conneetions e ltransveree`section of a cyiinr1 w u i a lecynnder engine adaptation oe:

. thereto'.

l is e sirio elevation ofthe cyiinersf partially in section, of e,onvr-cycie ges 'enfA ci' inem efe - simwing1y the Water cooling systeingine; showing the Water circulating systemm i.: is a pien view ci thesaine. i Lilie numerals and ietters refer to iilre eienients throughoutthe drawings, in which 10 indicates general four-cycle interneicomimstion engine comprising hoilov? bese or i: Liin frame li. to whichis boltei a fle- 'teclnibie crank case or hase il-R in the main iframeil rietachahiy jonrneleci the cranio shaft i2, he f" v creek arm 3 3, toeach of which is pivotaiy secured a connecting roti 14., pivotal! yeonnecte et its upper extremit to the wrist-pin i5, in Vthe piston 16,(see Fig. l). This piston is reciprocehly mounteel inside cylinder 1'?which is provided ice ed to coact therewith, as will be hereinafterldescribed. The piston 16closely fits the in'- ner wall of the sleeve 20and is adapted to reciprocate therein and relative thereto. The piston16 is provided with the usual piston rings 16EL coacting with the innerwall of the sleeve 20 to prevent leakage ofl gas therearound.

Located at the top of the cylinder-17 is the detachable cylinder head2,5,provided with the exterior flange 26 adapted to be.

bolted to the top of the cylinder by studs or bolts 27a as shown in Fig.15. This cylinder head'25 projects downwardly into the cylinder 17 andis spaced from the inner wall thereof, leaving the annular chamber orspace 27, as shown in Fig. 1 for example.

Carried in annular grooves 25a of the head 25 are the piston rings 28 ofconventional construction. The sleeve 20 is adapted to reciprocate'relative" to the vpiston and also the cylinder and'inoves upwardly anddownwardly in the space 27, as will be apparent from an examination ofthe drawings. The said space 27 is such as to cause a comparativelyclose t of the sleeve therein and the rings 28 coact with the innersurface of the sleeve 20 to 'prevent leakage of the gases into the space27.

The head 25 is provided with the threaded centrally located aperture 25"in which may be threaded a spark plug to project partially into theAcombustion or explosion chamber 29. At its lower extrem-ity the sleeve20 is flared outwardly, as indicated by the numeral 20 to permitclearance of the connectingl rod 142 when in the position'shown inFig. 1. This is to make it possible to drop down the sleeve and therebyshorten the height of the engine.

Projecting outwardly from one side of' the lliired portion 2()a is thelug 20b to which is pivotally attached and from which depends the link30, pivoted at its other extremity to a lever 31. This lever ispivotally fulcrumed at 31n its outer extremity to the flange 32,projecting inwardly from the portion 33 of the base or main frame 11.

A. cam 35 is mounted upon a cam shaft 36 which parallels the crank shalt12, and is also located in the base or main frame, as shown in Fig. 1.This cam, as viewed in Fig. 3 is provided with the groove in which ismounted a roller 37 carried by the pressure.

The driving mechanism to operate the cam Y shaft, is shown separatelyfor clearness in F ig. et and comprises a toothed gear or sprocket 38which is secured to the crank shaft 12 r.er second gear 0r lsprocket 39is similarly secured on the cam shaft 36 in alinement, with sprocket 38.A chain 40, which maybe of the sprocket or silent type extends aroundand betweenvthe sprockets 38 and .39, which are preferably constructedin the ratio of 1 to 2, whereby two rotations ofthe shaft 12 will causeone rotation of thev cam shaft 36. Gears maybe substitut-ed for thechain drive if so desired. It will be apparent that each cam 35 makesone complete revolution, while the corresponding piston 16 makes fourstrokes, 'two up and two down, which comprise'the four stages of aso-called four-cycle motor.v

Each of the cams 35 is constructed to operate the corresponding sleeve20 to obtain the proper regulation of the inlet and outlet ports 18, 19,'during the said four strokes of the piston. To obtain this result Ihave constructed the camgroove 35 of the configuration-shown, so thatthe camy as it travels trom the point a. to b (see Fig. 3)

maintains the roller 37 and lever 31 in position shown, in Fig. '1,without vertical movement thereof during which time the port 21 insleeve 20 is held in alinement with the inlet port 19 and the pistontraveling on its down stroke draws in the charge of fuel gas.

The travel of the cam from the point b to point c (see Fig. 6) whilecorresponding to a very small amount of piston travel, will cause thesleeve to be moved to the position shown in Fig. 6, at which point thi-4port 21 of the sleeve 2O has moved up of alinement with the intake port19, Aanc foth the ports 19 and 18 are closed, as port 22 in sleeve 2O isstill below port 18, and the pressures in ports 18 and 19 and in thecylinder are all bala-need, being at atmosphericV Movement of the camfrom point c to point d (see Fig. 7) which is about 5 or less of the camrotation and consequently only 100er less of crank travel, will actuatethe leverto move the sleeve a considerable distance upward in thecylinder, relatively speaking, during which travel the outlet port 22 orthe sleeve 20,Will have beenquiekly der. This quick movement takes profiCID release "y during the swing ci? the correspondcranl' and piston rodacross dead center, i -li tiniethe movement of the piston is L cally n/Zand consequently, the charge or contained in the cylinder being atapproximately atmospheric pressure, there is no discharge of suolimixture through the outlet port While the sleeve is making' such travel.Further rotation ci cani 85 brings the roller 37 to position shown inFig, 8, no' the sleeve 20 to the highest point, and the sleeve portsabove the packing rings, but in no way ali'ecting thc ports 18, 19 inthe cylinder, the saine remaining closed.

During the travel or' the cam trom point d to point c the. roller 37,lever 3l and the sleeve 2O remain stationary. rlhis distance correspondsto substantially tivo strokes of the piston, namely, the compression andeil-- plosion strokes. After reaching the point c 'the roller, actuatedby the cam 35, moves the sleeve 2O downwardly so that theopeniag's andaline, permitting exhaust of the burned gas from the cylinder. Therelative movement of the roller as the cam rotates ,troni point e topoint f causes the movement of the sleeve to such open exhaust positionand, indicated in Fig, 9, corresponds to about l@ or less travel of thecam consequently or less travel of the crank sliait, the correspondingmovement of the piston being slight as the connecting rod is near deadcenter. This movement of sleeve QG, coi/ingrI to the construction of thecam, is so rapid as to bring the exhaust ports into quick alinenient,the exhaust port beginning to open just at the completion of the downexplosion stroke of the piston or practically while the piston rod isswinging across dead center. luring the travel of the cam from theposition shown in Fig. 9, to the point g, the sleeve is held`stationary, which is during the piston, maintaining full valve cpe-ningfor such exhaust.

z'is the cam rotates from the point ,7 'to le the sleeve is broughtquickly into position shown in l and maintained. therein during;rotation `from point il. to 'point c, the saine boing; the intake strokeof the piston. lt will be apparent that by this ai'- ranjccnicnt ofcani, lever and sleeve and the aj'iproximate ideal valve action, anexceedingly quick port opening and closing is obtained and therespective ports are maintained in full open position during substairlially the entire intake and exhaust strokes ol the piston, thuspreventief( any loss of power by suction or compression of burned gases.Furthermore, it will be apparent that have provided but a single sleeveto accomplish llthis valve action, Whereas hitherto a plurality ofsleeve members or cylincler' construction has been employed.

lo 'obtain acccssto the cams, levers and practically tho entire exhaust11p-stroke of' shafts l provide the cover plate el detachably secured bystuds or bolts fila or the like to the crank case 11. By removal of thisplate il and disengagement and r moval or" the levers 31 and bearingcaps the entire com shaft 36 and earns 35 may be readily removed fromposition, as Will be apparent. The bearings 41h, as shovvn'in Fig. l0,are supported by the partition plates 11b oi the base or crank casell,the cam shaft 36 being journaled in these bearings all. The crank casebottom 1la is readily detachable affording easy access to main shaft andconnecting rod bearings.

lily valve mechanism is adaptable to engines of any number of cylinders.l have shown four cylinders cast en bloc, this construction niaking forcihciency and simplicity.` Surrounding and spaced from each of thecylinders 1'? are the jackets. 50 (sce Figs. l and 11) forming cooling'chambers 50a around the said cylinder walls. These jackets arepreferably cast integral in the ca No@ construction, and the coolingchambers oic adjacent cylinders which are separated by thin partitions,formed by the joining; of 'the jackets, are connected through aplurality of passages 5l through said partitions, as shown in Figs. 10,1l and 14 so that it is apparent water may be circulated from eachchamber through the cooling chamber in .front thereof to the dischargepipe 65 leading to the radiator. Bosses or projections 52 are providedon the exterior of the jackets '50, in which are the intake and exhaustports of the cylinder, these bosses or projections being provided withbolt holes 52 whereby corresponding manifolds may be secured thereto forthe admission of gas to and conveying of the burned gases from thecylinders. Y

A water circulating' pump 55 is, provided which islflriven by a pumpshaft 5S operated from the main crank shaft or otherwise. rllhis pump isprovided with an intake pipe 57 leading' upwardly thereto from theradiator of usual forni, but not shown, the pipe being' connectedthereto in the usual manner. A drain coclr 58 is provided in the lowestportion of the pipe 57 tl permit draining oi? the entire Water systemlyl indcrs and heads, chambers, radiator and pipes.

Loading upwardly from the pump is the water manifold comprising the pipe5S) and the two branch pipes 59a, each of which terminates in a flange60 secured by bolts or studs Gl to the cylinder jackets between a pairci' adjacent cylinders, as shown in Figs. il), i4 and l5. Ylach of thebranch pipes 59 is connected with an opening` r9" extending into thecooliinq|` chambers or" tivo adjacent cylinders in. alinement with thelowest of the passages 5l, and so designed as to-be tan gential to boththe cooling chambers.

iso

Located in the lowest passage 51 and at the bottom of the coolingchambers opposite the opening 59 and projecting toward it and integralwith the jackets 50-is the the cylinders equally, thus insuring equal,"

l even and'elicient cooling of all the cylinders. As the Water is heatedit rises to the tops of the cooling chambers by the action of the heatand pump pressure, a thorough 'spiral agitation being imparted theretoby means of the pump pressure. On reaching the tops of the chambers, itis forced on through the ,upper openings 5l and the upper parts ofintervening chambers and is conducted outwardly through the pipe 65,located at the upper forward point of the cooling chamber of theiforward cylinder,

. and on to the upper portion of the radiator, ynot shown. It isapparent that this ow of water-through the upper 'parts of the charnbersis above the explosion chambers and around the heads and in no wayinterferes with the cooling of the explosion chamber nor theequalhcooling of the heads. lt is olovious that I may alter myconstruction to permit the water to pass out' of the top of each coolingchamber into an auxiliary manifold located under manifold 73 or directlyinto manifold 723 alnl'therethrough to the radiator. l

The cylinder' heads 25 are provided with Y the jacketsc forming coolingchambers 9.5 l`around the said heads. 4[maling i'lpwardly to each of thesaid head cooling chamlwrs is a supply pipe 70 provided with thecontinuous portion 70.extending do\\f'n\\jardly at one side into thecooling chamber ot' the corresponding head to the lowest portionthereof. Each of these tubes 70 communicates at its other extremityywith thc branch a pipe 59, a pair ot' these tubes being connected andextending upwardly from each of these branch pipes, as shown in Fig. la.The tubes or pipes 70 may be formed in sections, as indicated at 7l forease in assembling and disconnecting, and to permit re-V oval of theheads Without disturbing the 'xhaust manifold.

Connected" Withand at the top of the cooling chamber of each head,preferably at o theside opposite from that at which the pipe 70al islocated, are the outlet pipes FX2, each communicating with a dischargemanilfold 73 of varying diameters te accommodate the increasing volumeof water from imanes fold 73 communicates withvthe main die charge pipeadjacent the point 7a, as shown in Figs. la and 15. lt is apparent thatwater forced upwardly through the pipe 0 flows into the correspondingcooling chambers in heads 25, at a point close to the bottom thereof.It. then rises by action of the heat and pump pressure te the dischargepipe i2, and from thence is carried out through the manifold 73 andhaelt to the radiator.

1When the water in thc cooling system is drawn oli' through cock 58, thelowest point,

.the cooling fluid in the head chambers 2 5 begins to siphoneow outthrough pipes a and 70 as soon as the general level falls below the topsof chambers 25", and continues so to flow keeping oyen with the'generallevel, until it reaches the level of the loottoms of chambers 25 whenthe heads are fully and automatically drained. The necessary atmosphericpressure to produce this iiow is through the feed opening in theradiator.

Inasniuch as the space 27 ictween the head 25 and cylinder 1 7 isguarded against lealtage therefrom or thereinto, by means of the rings28, it is apparent that movement of the sleeve up and down therein wouldco1n press or rai'efy the air therein, causing a loss of power thereby.'ilo obriate this objection provide what I terni inspirator. tubes S0in.- tegrally formed in the jackets 50 and, for convenience, preferablylocated a pair between each two cylinders, as shownin Figs. 1 0 and 11.for example. Tia-se inspirator tubes 8O at their upper end communicatewith the upper parts oifjspaces 2? between the head and cylinder andpreferably coinniunicate at their other extremity with the interior ofthe crank case ll, as shown 'in Fig. l0. lt will he apparent that upwardmovement of the sleeve will force the air in the space 2T downa'ardlyinto the Crank case and downward movement of the sleeves will draw airtroni said crank ease into said space 2'( and since this air is normallysaturated with oil during operation oi' the motor7 a lubricating cli'ectwill'also be obtained in the said space. l' also reserve the right toconnect said space 2T with the atmosphere direct by lneans oi' anopening through the cylinder walls or the head, not shown.l

Taking the air from the crank case insures against drawing deleteriousdirt into 'space 27.

ln Fig. 13 have shown a slight neodiical tion 'of the 'cylinder andjacket construction adapting the circulating system to a single cylinderengine, in which the jacket wall 130 is provided with the tangentialiylocated intake portionv 50"', which may he connected to the water supplypipe 59, causing the spiral movement be imparted to the coolthe rearcylinder to the first; This maniving water admitted to the coolingchamber.

Lemme@ engine.

It is believed tiiut theaiiove description will make den" the operationand const-ruc- Sion of my improved engine without the necessity o1fui-dier expiunzition.

iVhiie. I have showin and desvribed my in-` vention with more orpurtieuhuiy, i' do not Wish to be iesblieted to Such showing ordescription beyond the scope. of the uppended claims.

if. duim:-

1. In a device of the dass described, a Crunk case, cylinders mountedupon Suid crunk euse, sleeves ieoiproeaiily mounted in Suid cylinders,Suid sieeves and ojflindi'fis being provided with 'ports therein,pistons reeiproeobiy mounted in seid sleeves, zal/ro tambie crunk shaftjournaied in Suid' Crank case, piston rods connecting seid effing-shaftand pistons, n vziive Cam shaft beiow undfat one side of said eyiinders,n Casing foi' nid shaft, said casing being providedfivith/ reniovubiecover plate, bearing Carried-ahy said Casing, said cam shaft oeiijigijoninfied in Suid bearings, brackets ,e'mried by ind projecting intosaid casing, said brackets be`-y ing provided with bearings,eveisq'fnieruined in Said bracket bea ings, i'S em'N ried by said comshaft, said le werbeing provided with rollers coa-sting With/Said some:is shown for ay n'iuiipie cylinderonms, and inie connecting Said ieverswiziii said sleeves whereby he iat-ter muy be le eipi-oeated uponl'otnion oi? seid eem shaft.

2. in n device of the cimes described, cylinders, sleeves recipioeabiymounted in seid cylinders, seid sleeves and cylinders being providedwith ports therein, pistons reriprouabiy mounted in said Sieeves, arotnneie crank siie'f, piston rods connecting :mid Vrmie'siniiit andpistone, e com shaft ne one side of and below Suid Cylinders, Cenisemi-fied by said shaft, ievei'e having one end fuici'nined, smid iefeisbeing no\'ided with rollers intei'nndifite their exti'emiiies, Smid oomsbeing grooved, Seid i'oiiers iiting in Suid grooves, and linksconnecting smid level-s 'wili smid Sleeves whereby rention of' Quidezunss will operate Said sleeves, seid promus in said coins beingaii'iingm' to niainziin said 'yiindei' ports closed during substantiallydie whole of the eonunession und explosion strokes of said pistons andto insiintnin seid eyiindei ports in open position during eniisaniiai'the entiie exhaust i and intake strokes of said piston when said Ginnslniif; is properiy rotated.

" In testimony whereof, 1 have Subscribed f .my name.

AVERY E. HYT. Witnesses Henna? A. PARKS,

M. ANnnnsoN.

